The Jet Age and National Champions

World War II devastated French aviation. Many engineers fled or collaborated with occupying forces. Factories were destroyed or requisitioned. When peace came, France faced a dilemma: accept dependence on American aircraft or rebuild its aerospace industry from scratch.

The choice was never in doubt. Under Charles de Gaulle's leadership, France pursued aerospace independence with the same determination it would later show in nuclear power. The Dassault company, founded by Marcel Bloch (who changed his name to Dassault, his brother's Resistance codename), began producing jet fighters. The Mystère and Mirage series became export successes, combining French engineering with distinctive delta-wing designs.

The Caravelle, developed by Sud Aviation, marked France's entry into commercial jet aviation. First flying in 1955, it pioneered the rear-mounted engine configuration that reduced cabin noise. The triangular passenger windows became a signature French design element. While not as commercially successful as Boeing's jets, the Caravelle proved France could compete in civilian aerospace.