Primary Sources

Chronicles and Contemporary Accounts

Einhard. Life of Charlemagne. Translated by Samuel Epes Turner. New York: Harper & Brothers, 1880.

Gregory of Tours. History of the Franks. Translated by Lewis Thorpe. London: Penguin Books, 1974.

Joinville, Jean de. Life of Saint Louis. Translated by Caroline Smith. London: Penguin Classics, 2008.

Suger, Abbot of Saint-Denis. The Deeds of Louis the Fat. Translated by Richard Cusimano and John Moorhead. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1992.

Royal Documents and State Papers

Ordonnances des Rois de France de la Troisième Race. 21 volumes. Paris: Imprimerie Royale, 1723-1849.

Recueil des Historiens des Gaules et de la France. 24 volumes. Edited by Martin Bouquet et al. Paris: Victor Palmé, 1738-1904.

Memoirs and Personal Accounts

Louis XIV. Mémoires for the Instruction of the Dauphin. Translated by Paul Sonnino. New York: Free Press, 1970.

Saint-Simon, Louis de Rouvroy, duc de. Memoirs. Translated by Lucy Norton. London: Prion Books, 1999.