Death and Myth

Napoleon's death on May 5, 1821, officially attributed to stomach cancer but disputed by various theories, ended one of history's most extraordinary careers while beginning the legend that would influence world politics for centuries. The circumstances of his death, surrounded by loyal companions on a remote island, provided the romantic conclusion that transformed a defeated dictator into a martyred hero.

The autopsy findings, controversial then and now, reflected the political dimensions of Napoleon's death. French supporters claimed he was poisoned by British authorities, while British officials insisted on natural causes. These debates, though probably unfounded, contributed to the mythology that portrayed Napoleon as a victim of European reaction rather than an author of his own downfall.

The immediate impact of Napoleon's death was limited, as European powers had learned to function without French dominance. Yet the long-term consequences were profound, as the Napoleonic legend inspired revolutionary movements throughout the nineteenth century. From the Greek War of Independence to the 1848 revolutions, nationalist leaders invoked Napoleon's memory while pursuing goals he had never consistently supported.