- Earlier harvests: Now in August rather than October
- Higher alcohol: 13.5-14.5% becoming normal
- Traditional varieties struggling: Petit Verdot now ripens reliably
Adaptations
- New varieties approved: Touriga Nacional, Marselan for blending
- Canopy management: More shade for grapes
- Harvest timing: Picking for freshness, not just ripeness
- Higher elevations: Seeking cooler sites
Opportunities
- More consistent vintages
- Exploring forgotten areas now viable
- White wine renaissance in traditional red regions