Water and Waste Infrastructure

Often invisible, water and waste systems enable economic activity:

Water Networks

France's water infrastructure encompasses: - 900,000 kilometers of drinking water pipes - 400,000 kilometers of sewer networks - 22,000 water treatment plants - €7 billion annual investment needs

Management Models: - Public operation (30% of services) - Private delegation (Veolia, Suez dominating) - Remunicipalization trends in major cities - Price disparities across regions

Waste Management

Circular economy ambitions require infrastructure: - 230 million tons of waste annually - 130 incineration plants with energy recovery - Mechanical-biological treatment facilities - Ambitious recycling targets requiring sorting infrastructure