Fiber Optic Future

France's fiber optic deployment represents the largest infrastructure project since electrification. The Plan France Très Haut Débit, launched in 2013, aims to provide fiber access to every home and business by 2025. The €20 billion investment, shared between public and private funds, reflects recognition that digital connectivity is as essential as electricity or water.

The deployment model balances competition with universal service. In dense areas, operators compete to build networks. In rural zones, public subsidies ensure coverage. This hybrid approach avoids both the inefficiency of duplicate infrastructure and the neglect of unprofitable areas. By 2023, over 35 million premises had fiber access, among the highest in Europe.

French companies lead in fiber technology. Nexans manufactures advanced submarine cables connecting continents. Photonics researchers in Lannion and Marcoussis develop next-generation components. The ecosystem—from materials science to network equipment—positions France at optical communications' forefront.